This study is designed to investigate whether FPH could inhibit UC and reveal its potential mechanism. However, there is no study reporting FPH treating ulcerative colitis (UC). Our previous study showed that FPH protected acute liver damage induced by alcohol. Ficus pandurata Hance (FPH) is widely used for daily health care in South China. Oxidative stress acts a critical role in the onset of IBD, during which excessive oxidation would destroy the tight junctions between intestinal cells, promote proinflammatory factors to penetrate, and thereby damage the intestinal mucosa. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a global disease threatening human health, is commonly accompanied by secondary liver damage (SLD) mediated by the gut-liver axis. This study shows that oregano oil combined with macleaya cordata oral solution has substantial potential to be an alternative to AGPs for broilers. At the same time, serum biochemical indices, serum antioxidant indices, serum immune indices, serum cytokines, and intestinal morphology were significantly improved by the OS group. The results showed that the oregano oil combined with macleaya cordata oral solution significantly improved the growth performance of broiler chickens. Six composite samples were obtained for each treatment group. Two chickens from each replicate group were collected and mixed into a composite sample. There were four groups in this study: the solvent control group, the oregano essential oil combined with macleaya cordata extract oral solution group (OS group), the oregano essential oil oral solution group (OEO group), and the macleaya cordata extract oral solution group (MCE group). Each treatment group was divided into six replicate groups (40 birds per replicate group). A total of 960 one-day-old broiler chickens were randomly divided into four treatment groups (240 chickens per group). This study is the first to report the effect of oregano oil combined with macleaya cordata oral solution on broiler growth performance. In recent years, extracts of oregano oil and macleaya cordata have become a hot spot in the research and application of AGP substitutes for their safety and high efficiency. The abuse of AGPs in animal husbandry has led to severe problems such as drug resistance and ecological, and environmental destruction, which seriously threaten human health and public health security. Data are shown as mean values ± SD (n = 10 per group). OH in germ free (GF) and ex-germ-free (Ex-GF) mice Ex-GF mice were inoculated with faeces obtained from SPF C57BL/6 mice.There were significant differences for ddY vs. Data are shown as mean values ± SD (n = 6 per group). The peak-to-peak intensities of the line marked with an asterisk (*) and double asterisk (**) were used to calculate relative amounts of (d) A typical ESR spectrum from faeces obtained with the spin-trapping agent CYPMPO. OH levels in the faeces, small intestine, and large intestine.One-way ANOVA showed no significant differences among The center line (from the bottom to the top of the peak) marked with an asterisk (*) was used to calculate the relative amounts of (b) ESR spectra from faeces and the small and large intestines. Faeces were reacted with POBN solution and analysed similarly. The contents were collected and centrifuged, and the supernatants were analysed by electron spin resonance (ESR). After opening the abdomen, both ends of the large or small intestine were bound with surgical thread, and POBN solution was injected. ddY mice were anesthetized with isoflurane gas. (a) Schematic diagram of ligated intestinal loop assay. Oxygen free radical production capacity in faeces and the small and large intestines.
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